![]() ![]() This is a relatively small tapeworm (15-40 mm) and tends to infect children. Prevent sewage contamination of fish reservoirs.Recover typical eggs or proglottids in stools. B12 deficiency, which may occur with heavier infections and may lead to anaemia and even subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.The cyclops are then ingested by freshwater fish, forming plerocercoid larvae which when ingested lead to infection. These are subsequently ingested by the water flea (cyclops) and release procercoid larvae. These eggs hatch in fresh water, releasing ciliated coracidia. The adult tapeworm releases eggs that are passed into the faeces. In 3-5 weeks the tapeworm matures to adult size. The cycle begins by the ingestion of uncooked fish containing plerocercoid larvae which attach to the small intestine. The plerocercoid larvae result in infection in humans. Man and some animals are infected by this tapeworm. ![]() The scolex is shaped as two almond leaves.It has >3,000 proglottids which are more broad than long.This is the longest tapeworm in humans - 3-10 m in length.Present worldwide, especially in subarctic and temperate regions. Tapeworm infection results from eating raw or improperly cooked freshwater fish. Äiphyllobothrium latum (fish or broad tapeworm) This can prevent neurocysticercosis at a later stage. solium in endemic areas with albendazole. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates the periodic treatment of tapeworms such as T.Cysticerci do not survive temperatures of 50☌.Adequate handling of food - eg, freezing or cooking.There has been suggestion to use a purgative before and after to improve expulsion of the tapeworm.Satisfactory treatment requires expulsion of the scolex. Niclosamide or praziquantel (single dose) can be used (available on a named-patient basis).Cysticercosis is confirmed by the presence of antibodies and imaging - eg, CXR, CT scan of the brain.Recover eggs or proglottids in stool or perianal area.In some countries (eg, Peru and Mexico) neurocysticercosis accounts for 30% of seizures, making it an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This results in inflammation leading to clinical features such as severe sight impairment and neurological symptoms. solium can also lead to cysticercosis whereby larval cysts infiltrate the lung, liver, eye or brain. Heavier infection leads to epigastric pain, diarrhoea and vomiting. This depends on the load of the infectious agents.solium and relates to the adult tapeworm in the gut. Humans are then infected by eating raw meat containing the cysticerci. These pass into the animal circulation from the small intestine and reside in the muscle. Once in these animals the eggs hatch and cysticerci are released. The excreted tapeworm eggs which are excreted in the faeces can survive on vegetation where they are then consumed by cattle or pigs. The tapeworm can survive for up to 25 years in humans during which time the gravid proglottids are released into the faeces. The tapeworm then matures over 3-4 months during which the proglottids develop. These attach to the small intestine by the scolex suckers. The poorly cooked meat includes tapeworm larval cysts (cysticerci) which then release larvae. Poorly cooked meat is ingested by humans who are the only definitive hosts. ![]()
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